Lheidli T’enneh First Nation (LTFN) elder Phyllis Seymour remembers hearing a loud explosion, watching a fireball across the field from her shaking house, and rushing door to door to evacuate her community as ash fell like “black petals.”

The scene was caused by a natural gas pipeline explosion less than a kilometre away from the nation’s reserve, and within its unceded territory, about 13 kilometres north of Prince George, B.C., on Oct. 9, 2018. The pipeline is owned by Calgary-headquartered fossil fuel giant Enbridge, which refers to the explosion as the Shelley incident because of its proximity to that community.

“Everybody was shouting and screaming and scared, but we didn’t know what to do,” Seymour said at a press conference Tuesday.

“My granddaughter Emily (was) screaming and crying, the look in her eyes I will never forget,” she said. “When she saw me leaving and going back into the reserve to help members, she kept screaming at me, ‘Grandma, come back, come back, let’s go,’ but I knew I had to go back to help our elders, (and) our membership (who) didn’t have vehicles to get out to safety.

“My message to Enbridge is simple: We want that pipeline to be moved so our members can sleep better at night knowing they’re going to be safe,” she said, calling the explosion traumatic to the community.

On Tuesday, the LTFN sent letters to both B.C. Minister of Natural Resources Katrine Conroy and federal Minister of Crown-Indigenous Relations Carolyn Bennett calling on the two Crown governments to support its request to have Enbridge’s T-South pipeline routed off its reserve territory.

“To this day, the giant fireball, flying debris, shaking of buildings, and remnant burn crater weigh heavily on the minds of many members. It has left them living in fear due to their homes’ proximity to the Enbridge pipeline,” the letter reads.

As the three-year anniversary of the blast marches closer, LTFN Chief Dolleen Logan says she is tired of “being put on the back burner” by Enbridge.

“They have patience, but I’ve finally lost mine… We want this ended,” she said.

“I strongly believe that it’s time Enbridge got with the reconciliation program and started treating our nation with respect.”

Enbridge says it values its relationship with the LTFN and is committed to strengthening that relationship, but the company did not answer questions about if it would comply with the nation’s request to reroute the pipeline off its reserve.

“Following the Shelley incident, we undertook a comprehensive pipeline integrity program on our natural gas pipeline system in B.C. to significantly improve pipeline safety,” the company told Canada’s National Observer.

“As always, we are happy to meet with the Lheidli T’enneh First Nation or any government agency to discuss the safety of the pipeline system or any other matter, including the small segments of pipeline that traverse their reserve.”

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LTFN’s lawyer Malcolm Macpherson said the nation is pursuing a strategy of trying to compel the B.C. government to revoke Enbridge’s permits, citing public safety. It’s a strategy inspired by Michigan Gov. Gretchen Whitmer, who pulled Enbridge’s permit that allowed the Line 5 pipeline to cross under the Straits of Mackinac, which connects Lake Michigan to Lake Huron.

“Human life could’ve been lost on Oct. 9, 2018, and indeed, within two years of the explosion, a woman was killed in an Enbridge gas pipeline explosion in Kentucky,” Macpherson said.

Macpherson said the nation simply doesn’t trust Enbridge to operate the pipeline safely, and said, “It’s time for you to leave, and soon.

“If Enbridge continues to act with impunity, the reality is that it risks further erosion of its brand and social licence to operate in British Columbia,” he said.

Tk’emlúps te Secwépemc Chief Rosanne Casimir and Xatśūll Development Corporation (XDC) both wrote letters of support for LTFN. The XDC is a limited partnership between the Xatśūll First Nation and industry stakeholders, like Suncor, CIF Construction, and others.

“The XDC has had similar concerns and frustrations in dealing with Enbridge. The T-South line runs through the heart of Xatśūll reserve land and traditional territory,” wrote XDC CEO Howard Campbell.

“XDC is currently exploring legal options … regarding Enbridge’s seemingly lack of interest in hearing First Nation concerns and actual follow-through on items which are important to First Nation organizations and their people,” he added.

Conroy’s office confirmed it received the letter and said it was reviewing it, but called it a federally regulated pipeline.

Bennett did not return a request for comment by deadline.

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Prime Minister Justin Trudeau dropped into Newfoundland and Labrador on Wednesday with a multibillion-dollar bailout package designed to beat down the soaring costs of the contentious Muskrat Falls hydroelectric project and avert a feared bankruptcy.

The agreement-in-principle is not yet official, but ahead of a likely election, Trudeau was clear his government was “prepared to commit” to two separate life-preservers totalling $5.2 billion for the struggling province the Liberals nearly swept in 2019’s election.

The bailout is approaching the total cost of overruns at Muskrat Falls, a megaproject that has faced numerous delays and opposition from local Indigenous peoples and environmental groups. Initially, Crown corporation Nalcor Energy expected the project to cost $7.4 billion all-in, but the price has since swelled to $13.1 billion and counting. It was the subject of a multi-year inquiry that found the megaproject was thoroughly, and perhaps criminally, mismanaged. Former premier Dwight Ball referred the inquiry report to the RCMP last year.

The bailout package, billed as “rate mitigation,” includes a $1-billion loan guarantee and a $1-billion “investment” in the Labrador Island Link (LIL). The LIL is a subsea transmission cable that connects Labrador to Newfoundland to allow electricity to flow from the Muskrat Falls hydro project to the island. The billion-dollar investment sits in a fund that can be emptied at a rate of up to $150 million per year.

The second deal has a projected value of $3.2 billion, and will see Canada making payments to the province equal to what it receives from the Hibernia offshore oil platform. The $3.2-billion estimate rests on Hibernia extracting oil off Newfoundland’s coast until 2047, and the price of oil holding to projections over that time.

“These transfers will ensure Newfoundlanders and Labradorians are the beneficiaries of this project, and the province has what it needs to support the people who live and work here,” Trudeau told reporters in St. John’s.

For years, credit rating agency Moody’s has chalked the province’s dire fiscal situation up to cost overruns at Muskrat Falls, and the province’s reliance on volatile oil revenue that limits its ability to pay down growing debt. The financial crisis was sharply revealed in the early months of 2020 when oil prices collapsed, and Ball was forced to write to Ottawa asking for financial help because the province couldn’t even borrow on its own.

Newfoundland and Labrador’s sole Opposition MP welcomed the news, but noted the bulk of the financial relief was coming from money many in the province have long considered rightfully theirs.

“While we appreciate the Liberal government helping to address the problems with Muskrat Falls with some creative restructuring of the debt and waiving fees on loan guarantees, it’s important to note that the majority of the fiscal support comes from the unintended windfall that Canada received from its Hibernia project share after recouping its investment,” said the NDP’s St. John’s East MP Jack Harris in a statement.

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Meanwhile, the Bloc Quebecois is decidedly against the bailout. It sees the money as an unfair advantage to N.L., because Hydro-Quebec and Nalcor are both Crown corporations with significant hydropower competing for New England markets.

“This is no more and no less a frontal assault on our Crown corporation, which, let us remember, has never received a single penny in any subsidy from the federal government,” said Bloc MP and natural resources critic Mario Simard in a statement, adding “the Muskrat Falls circus must stop.”

“In launching this project, the Newfoundland government made no secret of the fact that its objective was to harm Quebec, bypass Quebec territory and compete with Hydro-Quebec on export markets.

“By announcing such funding, the government of Justin Trudeau is directly attacking Hydro-Quebec, which has been trying for several years to increase its electricity sales in the United States, one of the markets targeted by Muskrat Falls,” the statement also reads.

Hydro-Quebec declined comment.

Innu Nation ‘left out of discussions’

Innu Nation Grand Chief Etienne Rich said he was “disappointed” by Wednesday’s news because the nation wasn’t kept in the loop. He said there was a brief “supper time” call with government officials Tuesday, but that the nation learned of the federal funding announcement through the media.

“I told (the premier) very clearly that we need to be part of these discussions, and we need to know in advance because we’re the only Aboriginal group that has an (impacts and benefits agreement) with Nalcor in regards to Muskrat Falls,” he said.

Premier Andrew Furey told reporters Wednesday his government had provided a technical briefing to the Innu Nation on Tuesday evening.

“I have a great relationship and speak with Indigneous leaders every single week … (and) as they’re briefed, and as we all understand the deal better, I’m sure they will be more happy as the details become more available to them,” he said.

Rich says during the Tuesday evening call, he asked if the nation’s impacts and benefits agreement — which spells out financial, environmental, and other commitments — would be affected by the negotiations with Ottawa and didn’t get a clear answer. He says right now, the nation simply doesn’t know how it might be impacted, and that’s exactly the problem with being left out of discussions.

Furey “promised us if there’re any talks about rate mitigation, that he’d let us know in advance, but here it is yesterday, just a day before the announcement, and we didn’t find out through the premier’s office, we found out through the media. So like I say, he’s a very dishonest person.”

Furey’s office did not immediately return a request for comment.

“Even though Canada and the province gave a technical briefing to the press this afternoon, they still haven’t found time to give Innu Nation any details about the backroom deal they have reached,” the Innu Nation said in a statement.

“Innu Nation was only able to obtain a copy of the technical briefing given to the media by barging into a press briefing to which they had not been invited. And Innu Nation also points out that none of the materials made available to the press by Trudeau or Furey governments even mention the Innu,” the statement also reads.

Outside Confederation Building, where the Muskrat Falls bailout package was announced Wednesday, the Social Justice Co-op protested megaprojects for their harm to the environment and nearby communities.

“Over the past year, we have heard more and more government officials propose a hydrodam at Gull Island as a potential next energy project, wrapped up in grandiose plans of an ‘Atlantic Loop’ to power Canada and the U.S.,” said co-chair Kerri Neil.

“We know how harmful the Churchill Falls, and more recently Muskrat Falls, hydrodams have been to the Grand River and the expansive ecosystem that it nurtures. We cannot allow further destruction of the Grand River for resource extraction, and we refuse to let capitalist governments continue to put profit over people.”

Private equity firm Cresta Fund Management recently bought the 135,000 barrel-per-day oil refinery in Come by Chance, N.L., to produce cleaner fuels, but is also eyeing green hydrogen production, expected to use hydropower from Labrador. The provincial government spent millions helping the refinery find a buyer.

How did it get to a multibillion-dollar bailout?

Even though Muskrat Falls is still experiencing delays, an inquiry was launched in 2017 to study what went wrong, because even by then, it was clear the project had come off the rails.

Justice Richard LeBlanc’s report published last year lays the blame on both Nalcor and a series of provincial governments that failed to hold Nalcor accountable. His detailed report said former CEO Ed Martin — who, before taking the reins at Nalcor, managed Petro-Canada’s interests in Newfoundland and Labrador’s offshore oil industry — led a “fiefdom” and intentionally took advantage of politicians who were in over their heads to push forward an unnecessary project.

“There is no doubt that Nalcor, and in particular Edmund Martin, must be faulted for intentionally failing to disclose to (the Government of Newfoundland and Labrador, or GNL) relevant information on costs, schedule and risk …If GNL had received full disclosure from Nalcor before sanction, it would have been in a position to properly evaluate the project and provide the public with truthful and accurate information,” LeBlanc wrote.

LeBlanc also found that premiers, starting with Danny Williams, were dead set on a project that could compete with Hydro-Quebec, and “leveraged” tensions between N.L. and Quebec to promote Muskrat Falls. Those frustrations largely relate to the 1969 Churchill Falls contract that gave Quebec outsized benefits for a dam in Labrador.

A number of other setbacks plagued the project, from abandoned plans to build a dome over the site to build through Labrador’s cold winters, to problems with the power grid software.

The province’s negotiating team was led by Brendan Paddick, a telecommunications tycoon who chaired Nalcor’s board of directors, and is also a close associate of Furey’s. Furey, Paddick, and Great Big Sea frontman Alan Doyle founded the Dollar A Day Foundation that funds charities. The federal team was steered by Serge Dupont, a longtime insider who previously was a deputy minister for Natural Resources Canada when N.L. was in the early days of negotiating Muskrat Falls.

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